戊型肝炎（hepatitis E，HE）是由戊型肝炎病毒（hepatitis E virus，HEV）引起的一種病毒性人獸共患傳染病。自1997年在美國(guó)首次從家豬體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)HEV以來(lái)，已確定該病毒能夠感染人類(lèi)以及豬、鹿、兔、駱駝、大鼠等多種動(dòng)物。HEV通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致肝衰竭、慢性肝炎以及肝外神經(jīng)和腎臟疾病。該病主要通過(guò)糞口途徑傳播，也可以通過(guò)血液傳播。據(jù)估計(jì)，全球每年約有2 000萬(wàn)人感染HEV，年輕人病死率為0.5%~3.0%，而孕婦感染后死亡率可高達(dá)30%，因此HEV對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生安全構(gòu)成了巨大的威脅。本文主要對(duì)HEV的病原學(xué)、流行病學(xué)、診斷、防控等方面的研究情況進(jìn)行綜述，旨在進(jìn)一步提高相關(guān)從業(yè)人員等對(duì)本病的認(rèn)識(shí)，以便做好研究和防控應(yīng)對(duì)工作。
Introduction to the Studies on Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E（HE）is a viral zoonosis caused by infection with hepatitis E virus（HEV）. Since 1997，when HEV was firstly detected from domestic pigs in the United States，it has been confirmed that human，pigs，deer，rabbits，camels，rats and other animals could be infected with the virus. HEV usually leads to liver failure，chronic hepatitis and extrahepatic nerve and kidney diseases. The disease is mainly transmitted through fecal-oral route in addition to blood. It is estimated that about 20 million people are infected with HEV every year in the world，with a mortality of 0.5% to 3.0% in young people，and up to 30% in pregnant women with infection，posing a great threat to public health safety. In the paper，the studies on the etiology，epidemiology，diagnosis，prevention and control of HEV were summarized，with a view to further improving the awareness of relevant practitioners to make them better research or respond to future outbreak.
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